Phase 1

BBS Info Intro

BBS History

BBS Principles

BBS Applied

BBS Minerals Applications

Useful Refs

BSQ Guide Intro

Phase 1

Phase 2

Phase 3

Phase 4

Phase 5

Phase 6

Case Study

BBS Slide Show

FAQ

PHASE 1

PHASE OBJECTIVES Step 1: Find a facilitator Step 2: BBS Readiness Step 3: Prepare info gathering Step 4: Review existing data Step 5 : Focus groups/Interviews	Step 6 : Questionnaires Step 7 : Summarise findings Step 8 : BBS workshops Step 9 : Safety leadership workshops

INTRODUCTION
& DATA COLLECTION

= Additional materials available, not on this website.

This phase helps to initiate the programme, collect information on safety and provide information on Behavioural-Based Safety (BBS).

The Facilitator

Step 1: Find a Facilitator

Attributes of the Facilitator:

Respected amongst the workforce (A good question to ask - Would operatives choose this person to represent them/their needs?)
Is able to set time aside each week for the initiative
Is interested and keen to carry out the initiative
May be an operative, supervisor or manager. However, it is recommended that a manager not be a sole facilitator. A joint partnership of an operative and manager/supervisor1 would help to reduce suspicion that this is not a workforce driven approach.

1The role of the supervisor is often ambiguous. At some sites supervisors are seen as one of the operatives, at others they are seen as one of the management. Depending on which of these is most accurate for your site, you may categorise supervisors as operatives or management and treat them accordingly when following advice from this guide.

Role of the Facilitator:

To organise and chair steering team meetings
To convey and interpret instructions/suggestions of the BSQ Guide to the rest of the steering team
Act as communication link with CSM Researchers (Anam Parand & Patrick Foster)
To act as a steering team member in their related roles stated in Phase 2 Step 1.

Enlisting the Facilitator:

Ask for volunteers and ensure that they meet the above attributes. Further information for the facilitator:
- It is a Minerals Industry funded research.
- The process (but not the web-based guide) has been trialled at two WBB sites (Cheshire and South Devon).
- It is a bottom up, operative driven approach.
- It has 6 phases that an operative steering team will use to guide the rest of the workforce through.
- The site objective is to maintain a safer site through focusing on unsafe behaviours.
- The wider objective is to offer something tried and valuable to the quarry industry. Specifically, this web-based guide should be developed and offered to other quarries to assist in focusing on safety actions.
- It should be a fun initiative and is a unique opportunity to get involved in a pioneering initiative.

Step 2: Check for Readiness

Before a behavioural safety programme can be implemented it is crucial to find out whether the quarry site is ready for such an initiative.

Fill out the questionnaire below to obtain an indication of whether you may or may not be ready for a BBS initiative and identify what the enablers and barriers are to a BBS initiative.

Click here to take brief BBS readiness Questionnaire

Source of questionnaire based on HSE report "Strategies to promote safe behaviour as part of a health and safety management system"

The next step (Step 3) will also enable you to achieve a better indication of the readiness of your site.

Step 3: Prepare Information Gathering Methods

You will need to gain a good understanding of the organisations safety as it stands. This includes discovery of the safety culture, safety systems, and of effective and ineffective existing safety procedures.

This information is best obtained via a combination of the following methods:

On-site discussions/Interviews
Questionnaires
Focus groups
Inspection of company records (e.g. incident investigations)

Specific information on at risk behaviours is also required. This is best obtained at interviews and focus groups.

This step requires you to decide and prepare which (if not all) of the above methods of data collection you will use.

Descriptions of these methods of data collection are in the next steps. Clearly if you are not carrying out a certain data collection, you can pass over this step.

NB> Steps 3-5 can be carried out in Phase2:Step2 instead, if help of steering team is needed for this information gathering stage.

Step 4: Review Existing Data

Information to Examine:

A review of the quarry company data should be carried out before any other investigative tool is used.

Essential data to examine are accident records and statistics. If available, reasons attributed to these accidents will be of great use. Near miss records, action logs and incident investigations are other revealing sources of information commonly kept within your quarry site.

Information Required:

Among other things, these paper or electronic based records can provide insight into the following:

> Number of accidents and near misses
> Common types of accident
> Common types of unsafe acts
> Reasons for accidents/unsafe acts
> Common locations of accidents/unsafe acts
> Relationships between variables such as unsafe acts and locations

More often than not, quarries do not hold extensive data on health and safety. However, by law, all quarry firms are required to hold records for Riddor and the Health and Safety Executive (HSE).

An accident book needs to be kept for three years. A copy of the HSE report also needs to be kept for major injuries or injuries that result in three or more days absence. Details that it must include are: the date and method of reporting; the date, time and place of the event, personal details of those involved and a specific description of the nature of the event. The pdf form below covers all information that is required to be held.

F2508 - Report of an injury or dangerous occurrence

Where to Find the Info:

To acquire this information, the most relevant people to contact within the company are:

> Health & Safety Officers.
> Safety Representatives
> Management
> Human Resources

Means of analysing this data are discussed in step 7 'Summarise Findings'

Step 5: Focus Groups/ Interviews

Focus Groups:

This should involve two separate groups of between 4-8 people at each quarry. One group will consist of managers and supervisors and the other group will be made up of operatives. Each group will be involved in an hour long discussion.

The discussion will be chaired by the facilitator and will involve questions regarding safety at the quarries in question.

The discussion intends to draw out information regarding perceived underlying causes for common accidents and to identify positive and failing aspects of safety systems at work. See below for more detailed information required.

The discussion can be recorded with a dictaphone to aid note taking afterwards.

A Brief Guide on How to Approach a Focus Group (PDF)

Interviews/Onsite Discussions:

Throughout the study, there should be many discussions with various individuals from across the organisation. At this phase this will serve the purpose of additional information on areas that need clarification.

Information Required:

General organisational information (organisational structure, employee demographics).
OHS Systems, Procedures, Policies & Control Measures

Incident Investigations
Behavioural Auditing Procedures
Reporting procedures
Safety Training

Accident data (Accident figures, statistics, details of nature of accidents).
Safety Climate Issues (workforce attitudes and commitment to safety, and perceptions of others’ attitudes/commitment to safety).
Safety Culture & Environment (e.g. state of ‘housekeeping’).
Issues in attached Figure 1. ‘Possible factors affecting occupational accidents’. (E.g. design).
Critical behaviours (‘Phase 2: Behavioural Identification’).

NB> more quarry sites from across the organisation can be involved in interviews and focus groups for comparison and a better representation of the organisations overall safety culture.

Tips on Conducting Interviews (PDF)

Step 6: Safety Culture Questionnaires

Content of Questionnaire:

The safety questionnaire will provide a large amount of information as well as enable more complex analyses of the responses.

The questionnaire comprise of questions of workers’ safety perceptions, attitudes and intentions.

A sample question from the operative questionnaire is:

“I get praised or rewarded for keeping strictly to the health and safety rules and procedures”

Responses to these questions will be in the form of a tick next to numbers 1 to 5. Number 1 indicating the statement as very inaccurate, incrementing to 5, indicating the statement as very accurate.

Distributing questionnaires:

The questionnaires are to be distributed to all staff at the quarries involved.

There are three tailored questionnaires; one for operatives, one for management and one for supervisors. This is because there are different questions appropriate for each organisational level.

NB> Ensure that people are provided with the questionnaire in accordance with their company position and made aware of this fact.

Questionnaires are best distributed and collected by team leaders and provided to the facilitator (anonymity is important and no names are required on the questionnaires).

The questionnaires should be distributed to the entire workforce following the paper-based review, and again after the programme has ended.

This will serve to assess any perception changes towards safety at the quarry sites after the behavioural intervention.

Materials - 1.6a Three Questionnaires Additional Materials Provided

Scoring questionnaires:

The facilitator can input the data into its personalised programme for automatic graphic presentation of the information. This computer program is an Microsoft Access database that accompanies the safety questionnaire. It is included in the materials back under heading 1.6 Questionnaire Access Database.

NB> A computer generated assessment of safety at the quarry site has the added bonus of objectivity and is a great time saver.

Materials - 1.6b Access database to score & analyse questionnaires Additional Materials Provided

Step 7: Summarise & Feedback Findings

This is probably the most laborious part of the programme, as you have to analyse and summarise the findings discovered in the previous steps. If the facilitator(s) or others in the steering team are not used to this type of work, it may be an idea to approach a member of staff to help out.

The case study example provides the type of anaysis and summary carried out on previous sites, however, do not let this put you off, as this was found later to be too in-depth.

Thus, advice for this step is to identify re-occuring themes within the information (in interviews or focus groups) that has been found and especially pull out safety behaviours that exist within the data. For this, please see guidelines in step 2 (collate Ph1 KSB) of Phase 2.

NB. The analysis for questionnaires were described in the previous step.

Step 8: BBS Workshops (ops/mgt)

Everyone needs to understand the process of BBS. Toolbox talk type presentations are available for you to deliver workshops on BBS. These are in the form of Power point presentations available in the Materials Pack.

The presentation covers a brief description of what behaviourals safety is (principles & process) and the phases of the BSQ programme.

More information on BBS can be found in the BBS info section of this web site.

Materials - 1.8 BBS Presentation

Additional Materials Provided

Step 9: Safety Leadership Workshops

Employees in a position of authority (managers and supervisors) need to be involved in workshops on how to most effectively handle health and safety onsite and how to support the BBS process.

There is more information on how and the extent to which management should be involved in this operative driven initiative on slide 5 of the slide show and in the presentation in the materials case.

This opportunity is also a good time to present findings to management, and suggest changes they could make on the basis of these findings.

Materials - 1.9 Safety Leadership Workshop Presentations
Additional Materials Provided

PHASE SUMMARY

The chief aim of this review is to gain a greater insight into the quarry site's current state of affairs regarding safety. For external facilitators this will provide information on the general structure and culture of the organisation, as well as providing details on their current and past safety systems and procedures.