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PHASE OBJECTIVES
Step 1: Prep observations
Step 2: Trial checklist
Step 3: No-blame policy
Step 4: Train staff on checklist
Step 5 : Start observations |
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| BEHAVIOURAL OBSERVATIONS |
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= Additional materials available,
not on this website. |
This phase involves the direct assessment of behavioural data. It is the first measurement of the identified key safety behaviours and will be measured via recorded observations. |
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| Step 1: Prepare Observations |
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| Practical Issues: |
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Discussions on practical issues are best had at this stage. This can include:
- Method of collection and distribution of checklists.
- How often should observation take place - Recommend daily.
- Who should carry out observations - All operatives
- How many checklists to be printed off
- What date is the launch date
- How to inform operatives of observations
- How to sell the process
NB>Step 4 provides you with more information for these topics of discussion. |
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| Inform operatives: |
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| Operatives need to be made aware that the observations are to begin. This may be through a toolbox talk presentation or can be at the same time as step four 'training operatives to carry out observations'. At either time, step 3 'no blame policy' should be made clear to all staff. |
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Step 2: Trial Checklist |
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Before we can get operatives to start using the checklists, we have to make sure that the checklist is usable and a reliable measure. Therefore, the checklists can be tested by the steering team members or other operatives.
Improvements may need to be made from the feedback from the trial.
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Step 3: Issue a
No-Blame Policy |
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Emphasis needs to be placed on anonymity and confidentiality of the checklist responses. A ‘No Blame Policy’ attached to the behavioural measure should be issued. This can be in the form of management giving a talk to operatives or through poster type notices. It will be emphasised in the observation training and at the launch of the observations.
See case study example (3.3) of a leadership commitment statement signed by senior and middle management.
Management may query whether they are still allowed to pull up people on their unsafe behaviours. The answer is yes. The no-blame policy only extends to what is written on the checklists! Although the checklists are anonymous anyway, it helps the operatives to feel safe in the knowledge that they can admit to carrying out an unsafe behaviour and not be disciplined for it.
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Step 4: Train Operatives on Checklist |
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There is an example presentation that can be amended in the materials case, which covers the following steps. |
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| Sell BSQ Programme: |
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OPERATIVE LED- It may be the only chance operatives will get to be involved in such a unique H&S initiative, which gives the operatives the power to call the shots and make up elements of the programme.
See Phase 2 Step 1 (Enlisting the ST Members) for more introductory info to provide operatives. |
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| Choice of Checklist: |
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The choice of Checklist: All operatives, including hauliers and other contractors are to be offered the choice to complete either a ‘self-report’ checklist or a ‘peer-observation’ checklist.
These checklists cover the same 20 key safety items with different phrasing. The self-report sheet allows operatives to record and comment on their own safety actions, whilst the peer-observation sheet enables logging and comments on the safety actions of others onsite. |
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| Practical Issues: |
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| Explain to operatives the practical issues, discussed in step one of this phase. In addition to these, the following should assist with answering necessary questions: |
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Q: How often to carry out observations?
A: One checklist per day from each operative.
Q: How long will it take to complete?
A: No more than five minutes.
Q: How long is the observation period?
A: Observations should be carried out for a duration of one month at this stage and then one month again towards the end of the programme (to assess difference in safety scores).
Q: Who should carry out the observations?
A: All operatives including contractors.
Q: How will the checklists be distributed/collected?
A: Distributed via team leaders; collected in election boxes.
Q: Do operatives have to fill in the checklists?
A: It is voluntary for operatives, however it is imperative to the success of the programme.
Q: How will operatives know how to fill in the checklists?
A: This is taught in this observation training seminar.
Q: What's in it for the operatives?
A: To become aware of most common unsafe behaviours; have a chance to voice reason on back of checklists; and likelyhood of rewards attached to checklists. (No more information on rewards are available at this stage) |
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| How to Use Checklist: |
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The observer simply ticks ‘Yes’, ‘No’ or ‘Non-Applicable’ for each of the 20 KSB-related safety questions.
'Not Applicable' (N/A) should be ticked if the KSB is not relevant to that specific observer. E.g. if the observer does not use a vehicle at work those questions regarding vehicle safety are not relevant. This is written on the checklist as a reminder.
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Writing on the Back of the Checklists |
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The operatives should be encouraged to write down their reasons for their unsafe acts on the back of the sheet. Remind operatives of the following:
- By writing on the back of the checklist it is your chance to voice reasons for not carrying out certain site H&S rules.
- It will help get changes made on issues raised.
- If you don't write reasons you cannot moan when nothing changes!
Those completing the peer-observation checklist on other workers’ actions should be advised to ask for the reason the unsafe act had occurred.
For those with literacy difficulties, steering members and other workmates can read and write on the observer’s behalf.
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Materials Case 3.4- training seminar presentation
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| Practice Using Checklists: |
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Ideally, traning should involve operatives practising with a checklist how to complete it. This should quash any confusion on completing the form and make the operatives realise it does not take more than 5 minutes to fill out.
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Step 5: Start Observations |
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The launch of the observations, as agreed at step one of this phase, should now go ahead. |
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Step 6: Score Checklists |
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| Checklist Score Sheet: |
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Behavioural Safety Index
To obtain a concise measure of safety, the following formula will be used to ascertain the safety percentage of certain programme phases:
Safety index = No. of observations safe X 100
No. safe + No. unsafe
This will automatically be calculated once checklist responses are inputted into checklist score sheet in Materials Case 6.1. Instructions are included. |
Materials 3.6. Checklist Score Sheet (instructions included)
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Step 7: Provide Feedback |
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The checklist score sheets will automatically produce a BSI (Behavioural Safety index) safety percentage.
The checklist score sheet will also automatically produce graphs for you to print off and pin up on notice boards. In addition to this visual feedback, verbal feedback must be supplied to the workforce.
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Step 8: Steering Team Observations |
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In addition to the operatives’ baseline measurement, the steering team should carry out their own month of peer-observations. This serves to act as a crosscheck on the operatives’ checklist safety scores and will enable future safety targets to be based on this objective base measure. |
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Step 9: Inter-Observer Reliability |
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Inter-Observer Reliability (IOR) checks are further accuracy checks on the reliability of the steering team’s observations.
Follow these simple instructions.
(i) Get two observers to fill out a checklist (they must work in the same work area seeing the same people for that day).
(ii) Ask them to write IOR at the top of their checklist
(iii) Apply the formula below to see what percentage of KSB they agreed on as being safe or unsafe.
The formula:
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X 100 |
total no. of times observers agreed and disagreed x 100 |
I.e. Divide the number of times observers agreed by the total number of times observers agreed and disagreed, multiplied by 100.
E.g. If one sheet noted two KSB as unsafe, whilst the other noted that there was no unsafe acts on that KSB during that day, the score would be as follows:
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PHASE SUMMARY
| The purpose of this phase was to obtain a current baseline measurement of the twenty KSB and to obtain information on what the most frequent unsafe acts are and the reasons why they continue to occur. |
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